毒理学杂志

农业农药越来越多地用于全球范围内提高作物产量。然而，从人类接触这些化学物质产生的，尤其是发展中国家的农业地区的健康危害已日益受到关注。这项研究的目的是评估职业接触农业杀虫剂在布埃亚细分，这是喀麦隆的主要农业区之一的影响对农民的健康。这项研究是横向的，涉及90名参与者，其中58对农民使用农药和不参与职业使用农药农产品的32人参考人群。参与者被采访了农业杀虫剂的使用和其健康状况。此后，血液样品从参与者收集并用于肝脏（丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶）和肾脏（肌酐和尿酸）功能的生化标志物的评估。结果表明，农民常用的杀虫剂，杀菌剂，并在他们的农事活动除草剂。农民报告与农药有关的一些严重的健康症状与常见的是皮疹，眼睛不适，面部烧伤使用。当相比于参比群体，农民表现出显著升高（ ）丙氨酸氨基转移酶的活性。然而，调查其他参数并没有显著影响。这些结果表明，农民暴露于3名不同的类的农业杀虫剂，从而诱发眼睛和皮肤的情感。杀虫剂曝光导致肝功能因此增加的血清谷丙转氨酶活性的改变。因此，有需要提高农民的农业杀虫剂的毒性和肝改造潜力和可能减少暴露适当的防护设备的重要性。

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香茅巨Chiov。（禾本科）是一种药用植物用于治疗传统医学的各种疾病在几个非洲国家。本研究旨在评估口服和吸入毒性以及精油的致突变作用香茅巨从在贝宁收集的样品叶（EOCG）。致突变性通过使用Ames试验评估鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株TA98和TA100。Oral acute toxicity was carried out by administration of a single dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. to Wistar rats while oral subacute toxicity was assessed by daily administration of 50 and 500 mg/kg of EOCG for 28 days. Finally, inhalation toxicity was assessed by administration of a single dose of 0.125%, 0.5%, 2% or 5% v/v of EOCG emulsions in 0.05% v/v lecithin solution in sterile water for the first experiment, and in a second one by administration of single dose of 0.125% or 0.5% v/v. A broncho-alveolar lavage was performed after 3 h or 24 h, respectively. The results show that EOCG is not mutagenic on鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在测试的最高浓度的菌株（200 μ克/板）。在急性口服毒性研究中，诱导EOCG既不死亡率也不毒性，表明LD₅₀is greater than 2000 mg/kg. The subacute oral toxicity study at both doses did not show any significant difference in body weight, relative organ weight, hematological and/or biochemical parameters or histopathology as compared to the control group. EOCG induced mortality and inflammation in lungs 3 h after administration of a single dose of 5% or 2% v/v. Single doses of 0.125% or 0.5% v/v did not induce inflammation, cell recruitment nor cytotoxicity in lungs 3 h or 24 h after administration, suggesting safety at these concentrations. This first report on the体内毒性将是指导EOCG的安全使用是有用的。

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铁是一种基本元素和在涉及氧运输和氧感应，电子转移，能量代谢，和DNA合成的体内最丰富的痕量金属。过量不稳定和未螯合铁可以催化组织损伤自由基的形成和诱导氧化应激。英文摘要采用基于定义的入选和排除标准多和不同的搜索词在PubMed和谷歌学术鉴定。被选定为系统回顾全长文章，二级和三级引用被开发。虽然放血疗法或放血保持在铁超负荷的管理的金标准，这个系统的审查是一个更新的帐户科学证据来支持在资源贫乏的国家使用的膳食来源的天然铁螯合剂的放血和古典合成螯合剂的陷阱。

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不受控制的细胞增殖标志癌症和大多数癌细胞已经开发出多重耐药，为他们的治疗中使用的药物。该研究调查的水果皮乙醇提取物的植物化学物质和抗氧化性能刺果番荔枝林恩。（ESA）及其对大鼠肝线粒体膜通透性转换（MMPT）的效果。定性的植物化学研究和抗氧化试验进行了下列建立的协议而MMPT孔的在不同浓度的提取物的存在下的开口被琥珀通电条件下用分光光度法测定。氯化钙（氯化钙₂）和精胺分别用于触发和禁止孔开口。细胞色素c释放进行测定，使用ELISA试剂盒。萜类化合物，类固醇，其他植物化学物质之间的酚被发现存在于ESA和提取物显示在基于该二苯基-1- picryhydrazyl（DPPH）自由基清除活性测定中测试的浓度非常低的抗氧化性能。脂质过氧化物以浓度依赖的方式诱导的细胞溶质和线粒体肝细胞级分两者体外。在不存在氯化钙的₂0.84 mg/mL concentration of ESA induced MMPT pore opening by 129% while the extracts showed no inhibitory activity in its presence. The induction fold corresponded with the concentrations of cytochrome c released. The fruit-skin ethanol extract of刺果番荔枝在某些浓度可能含有诱导细胞凋亡的生物活性化合物。

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药用植物在世界各地使用和世界卫生组织支持建议的质量，安全性和有效性的使用。Minthostachys油树分布于南美洲的安第斯山脉和使用的人口为各种疾病。尽管研究表明其药理特性，其安全性的信息是非常有限的。那么，这项研究的目的是确定在28天重复剂量的急性口服毒性和Minthostachys油树在大鼠中精油（MM-EO）。对于急性毒性试验两组大鼠，每三只动物中用到了。Each group received Mm-EO in a single dose of 2000 or 300 mg/kg of body weight. For the repeated dose toxicity test, four groups of 10 rats each were used. Doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day were used, one group was control. With the single dose of Mm-EO of 2000 mg/kg of body weight, the three rats in the group showed immediate signs of toxicity and died between 36 and 72 hours. In the lung, inflammatory infiltrate was observed, predominantly lymphocytic with severe hemorrhage and presence of macrophages with hemosiderin. In the repeated dose study, male rats (5/5) and female rats (2/5) died at the dose of 500 mg/kg/day. The body weight of both male and female rats decreased significantly with doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day. The serum levels of AST and ALT increased significantly and the histopathological study revealed chronic and acute inflammatory infiltrate in the lung; while in the liver was observed in 80% of the cases (24/30) mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate and in some of those cases there was vascular congestion and in one case cytoplasmic vacuolization. The Mm-EO presented moderate acute oral toxicity, while with repeated doses for 28 days; there was evidence of toxicity, in a dose-dependent manner, mainly at the hepatic level.

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糖尿病是最常见的慢性疾病，全世界引起许多并发症，包括男性不育。DM的患病率是4.51亿人，预计将增加693万，2045年氟中毒引起的世界各地的许多地方饮用受污染的无机氟化物的水是一个公共健康问题。以往的研究表明，氟暴露会损害男性生殖功能。本研究旨在评估菌素（STZ）对精子功能的氟化亚慢性暴露诱导的糖尿病小鼠。After confirming diabetes by measuring blood glucose levels, the male mice received 45.2 ppm of fluoride added or deionized water. We evaluated several parameters in diabetic mice exposed to fluoride: standard quality analysis, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ψ米），在精子，尿氟排泄，和在睾丸组织学评价胱天蛋白酶活性。后氟化物曝光，糖尿病小鼠的60天，精子质量（活力，活率，和浓度）显著降低。精子从糖尿病小鼠的氟化物曝光呈现在显著下降ψm和在活动显著增加胱天蛋白酶3/7。尿氟排泄在暴露于氟化物糖尿病小鼠降低。小鼠的亚慢性氟化物曝光STZ诱导的糖尿病加重睾丸损伤和精子功能。

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